Documents You Must Check When Buying a Used Car in the UK

Buying a used car in the UK can save you thousands compared to purchasing a new model, but it also comes with risks. One of the biggest mistakes buyers make is not checking the essential paperwork for buying a used car before finalising the deal. The right documents not only prove ownership but also reveal whether the vehicle is legal, roadworthy, and worth the asking price.

In this guide, we’ll walk you through the car documents checklist UK buyers should always review when purchasing a second-hand vehicle. Whether you’re buying from a dealership or a private seller, these checks will help you avoid costly mistakes and protect your investment.

1. V5C Logbook (Vehicle Registration Document)

The V5C logbook is the most important document when buying a used car in the UK. Issued by the DVLA, it proves who the registered keeper of the vehicle is.

What to check:

• Make sure the logbook has a DVLA watermark to confirm authenticity.
  
  

• The VIN (Vehicle Identification Number), engine number, and colour listed should match the car.
  
  

• Confirm the seller’s name and address match their photo ID.
  
  

• Look out for too many previous keepers – this could suggest the car has been frequently traded due to issues.
  
  

Without a valid V5C, you cannot register the car in your name, so walk away if the seller can’t provide it.

2. MOT Certificate

A valid MOT certificate is required for all vehicles over three years old. It confirms that the car meets road safety and environmental standards.

What to check:

• Confirm the MOT is up to date.
  
  

• Review advisory notes to see upcoming repairs.
  
  

• Use the DVLA MOT history checker online to look at past records. Watch for recurring faults such as brake issues, emissions failures, or structural rust.
  
  

If the MOT is close to expiry, factor the cost of a new test into your budget.

3. Service History Records

A full or partial service history helps you understand how well the car has been maintained.

What to check:

• Ask for stamped service booklets or digital service records.
  
  

• Look for evidence of regular oil changes, brake checks, and timing belt replacements.
  
  

• Cars with a full main dealer or independent service history usually command higher resale value.
  
  

No service history doesn’t automatically mean a bad car, but it does increase the risk of hidden issues.

4. HPI Check (Vehicle History Report)

Before paying for a used car, always carry out an HPI check UK or similar vehicle history report.

Why it’s important:

• Confirms the car isn’t stolen, scrapped, or written off.
  
  

• Reveals any outstanding finance owed on the vehicle.
  
  

• Highlights mileage discrepancies or previous category insurance damage.
  
  

Some dealerships include an HPI check as standard, but if you’re buying privately, you’ll need to purchase one yourself for extra peace of mind.

5. Insurance Documents

You cannot legally drive the car without valid insurance. When buying, you won’t receive the seller’s insurance, so you must arrange your own policy.

What to do:

• Get a quote in advance for the specific car to avoid surprises.
  
  

• Make sure the cover starts from the day you collect the vehicle.
  
  

• If replacing an old car, update your policy and expect possible premium changes or admin fees.
  
  

6. Road Tax (Vehicle Excise Duty)

Since 2014, car tax is no longer transferable between owners. When you buy a used car, you must tax it before driving it away.

Key points:

• You can tax the car instantly online using the reference number on the V5C.
  
  

• Costs depend on the vehicle’s CO2 emissions, age, and engine size.
  
  

• Failing to tax your car can lead to fines or even seizure.
  
  

7. Proof of Ownership and Receipts

Always request a receipt for the sale – this protects both buyer and seller.

The receipt should include:

• Sale price and date
  
  

• Buyer and seller details
  
  

• Vehicle details (make, model, registration, mileage)
  
  

• Both parties’ signatures
  
  

This simple document is essential if disputes arise later, for example over mileage claims or hidden faults.

8. Car Handbook and Spare Keys

While not legal requirements, these are useful extras.

• The car handbook helps you understand maintenance schedules, warning lights, and features.
  
  

• A spare key can save you hundreds in replacement costs.
  
  

If these are missing, you may be able to negotiate a lower price.

9. Warranty Documents (If Applicable)

Some approved used cars UK from franchised dealers come with warranties. If you’re buying a certified pre-owned or dealer-backed used car, always check:

• What’s covered (parts, labour, breakdown).
  
  

• Length of warranty and conditions.
  
  

• Any exclusions, such as wear-and-tear items.

10. Final Pre-Sale Checks

Before sealing the deal, make sure you’ve:

• Matched the VIN on the car with the V5C logbook.
  
  

• Checked tyre condition and service intervals.
  
  

• Verified that the car isn’t under finance or stolen.
  
  

Once satisfied, you can safely complete the purchase and enjoy your new vehicle with confidence.
Final Thoughts

When buying a second-hand car, used car documents UK buyers are just as important as the car itself. The V5C logbook, MOT certificate, service history, and an HPI check are non-negotiable essentials, while insurance, tax, and receipts finalise the legal process. By carefully reviewing the car documents checklist UK motorists rely on, you’ll not only avoid scams and costly repairs but also secure a reliable car at the right price. If in doubt, consider buying from a reputable dealership or certified pre-owned scheme, where much of this paperwork is handled for you. That way, you’ll have peace of mind that your next vehicle is both legal and safe to drive.